We all know of the of the famous Robert Oppenheimer when the first atomic bomb was exploded.
If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one. Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.
Obviously, there is a connection with the mechanics of an atomic bomb, and the destruction it leaves in its wake.
However, I think there is a deeper significance to the quote. In the epic Mahabharata, the Bhagvad Gita comes right before the battle as Arjuna, his charioteer Krishna and the Pandavas, face their cousins the Kauravas in battle. Arjuna has serious misgivings about the war - whats the point destroying one's own kith and kin for a kingdom? Of what value is a kingdom obtained by such means? Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, talks to him about the value of karma (or duty) and not getting swayed by attachments.
Oppenheimer, not being psychotic like Adolph Hitler, possibly had serious misgivings about the work he was doing. He in some ways felt like Arjuna, as he (rightly) felt that the result of his work could lead to untold death and destruction for years to come. Like Arjuna, he did his duty as a scientist.
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